aufgabe 2

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\section{Straßenreparatur mittels Linearer Programmierung und Flüssen}
% vim: ft=tex
\section{Straßenreparatur mittels Linearer Programmierung und Flüssen}
\begin{quote}
Gegeben sei ein ungerichteter Graph $G = \tup{V, E}$, der ein Verkehrsnetzwerk darstellt,
wobei jeder Knoten $v \in V$ eine Stadt repräsentiert und jede Kante $e = \set{u, v}$ eine Straße
zwischen den Städten $u$ und $v$.
Die Straßen müssen erneuert werden. Dabei sind für jede Straße $e \in E$ Reparaturkosten
nötig, die durch eine Funktion $r: E \to~\RR_{\geq 0}$ gegeben sind. Zusätzlich hat jede Stadt $v \in V$
nur ein begrenztes Budget, das durch eine Funktion $B: V \to \RR_{\geq 0}$ gegeben ist.
\end{quote}
\begin{tasks}
\item Seien $u_e, v_e \in \RR_{\geq 0}$ die Reparaturbeträge, die Stadt $u$ und $v$ für eine inzidente Straße
$e$ zahlen. Um $u_e, v_e$ zu erhalten gehen wir durch die Adjazenzliste und vermerken pro Kante die inzidenten Knoten.
Dann müssen wir folgendes lineares Programm lösen.
Zielfunktion:
$$
\argmax \sum_{e \in E} u_e + v_e
$$
Für alle $e \in E$ gilt
$$
r(e) - (u_e + v_e) \leq 0
$$
Damit stellen wir sicher, dass die vollen Reparaturkosten bezahlt werden.
Für alle $u \in V$ und zu $u$ inzidente Kanten $I$ gilt
$$
\sum_{e \in I} u_e \leq B(u)
$$
Damit stellen wir sicher, dass das Budget einer Stadt nicht überschritten wird.
Wenn die Zielfunktion den Wert der Summe aller Reparaturkosten hat, haben
wir eine Lösung gefunden.
\points{3}
\item Sei $x_e \in \set{0, 1}$ der Indikator, ob Stadt $x$ die Reparaturkosten der inzidenten Straße $e$ trägt. Dann müssen wir folgendes ganzahlig lineares Programm lösen.
Zielfunktion:
$$
\argmax \sum_{e \in E} x_e
$$
Für alle $e \in E$ und deren inzidente Knoten $x, y$ gilt
$$
x_e + y_e \leq 1
$$
Damit Stellen wir sicher, dass nur eine Stadt die Reparaturkosten einer Staße trägt.
Für alle $x \in V$ und zu $x$ inzidente Kanten $I$ gilt
$$
\sum_{e \in I} x_e \cdotp r(x) \leq B(x)
$$
Damit stellen wir sicher, dass das Budget einer Stadt nicht überschritten wird.
Wenn die Zielfunktion den Wert der Anzahl an Knoten hat, haben wir eine
Lösung gefunden.
\points{2}
\item
Das Problem kann wie in \autoref{fig:flow} als Fluss modelliert werden.
\begin{itemize}
\item Dabei ist $s$ der Startknoten und $t$ der Zielknoten.
\item Die Kantenkapazitäten von $s$ zu den Städten $v_i \in V$ ist das Budget $B(v_i)$.
\item Die Kantenkapazitäten von $v_i$ zu den Straßen $e_j \in E$ müssen jeweils
größer als $r(e_j)$ sein. Jede Straße $e_j$ hat genau zwei eingehende Kanten von
den beiden inzidenten Städten.
\item Die Kantenkapazitäten von $e_j$ zu $t$ sind die Reparaturkosten $r(e_j)$
\end{itemize}
Wenn ein zulässiger Fluss alle in $t$ eingehenden Kanten füllt, dann gibt es
eine Lösung für das Problem.
Das Modell ist korrekt, da
\begin{itemize}
\item Die Beiträge, die eine Stadt $v_i$ leisten kann von den
eingehenden Kantenkapazitäten limitiert werden.
\item Die Straßen $e_j$ genau zwei eingehende Kanten haben.
\item Die Reparaturkosten einer Straße $e_j$ von den ausgehenden Kantenkapazitäten
limitiert werden.
\end{itemize}
\points{4}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[page=2, width=0.8\textwidth]{figures.pdf}
\caption{Das Problem als Flussproblem. Die blauen Knoten sind Städte und die orangenen Straßen.}
\label{fig:flow}
\end{figure}
\end{tasks}

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192 256 m
320 384 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
192 256 m
320 128 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 384 m
320 128 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
448 256 m
320 384 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 128 m
448 256 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 384 m
576 384 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
576 384 m
448 256 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
576 384 m
704 256 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
576 128 m
704 256 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 128 m
576 128 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
448 256 m
544 224
576 128 c
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
576 128 m
480 160
448 256 c
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<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 8" transformations="translations" pos="192 256" stroke="black" type="label" width="7.7664" height="8.8368" depth="0.192" halign="center" valign="baseline" size="footnote" style="math">s</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 8" transformations="translations" pos="320 384" stroke="black" type="label" width="10.7496" height="13.284" depth="0.048" halign="center" valign="baseline" size="footnote" style="math">b</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 -8" transformations="translations" pos="320 128" stroke="black" type="label" width="10.9224" height="8.7216" depth="0.192" halign="center" valign="top" size="footnote" style="math">a</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 8" transformations="translations" pos="448 256" stroke="black" type="label" width="9.0096" height="8.8368" depth="0.192" halign="center" valign="baseline" size="footnote" style="math">c</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 8" transformations="translations" pos="576 384" stroke="black" type="label" width="11.0568" height="13.284" depth="0.24" halign="center" valign="baseline" size="footnote" style="math">d</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 -8" transformations="translations" pos="576 128" stroke="black" type="label" width="9.3144" height="8.8368" depth="0.192" halign="center" valign="top" size="footnote" style="math">e</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 8" transformations="translations" pos="704 256" stroke="black" type="label" width="8.34" height="10.9416" depth="0.192" halign="center" valign="baseline" size="footnote" style="math">t</text>
<text matrix="0.707107 -0.707107 0.707107 0.707107 -38.8225 554.274" pos="640 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">2/2</text>
<text matrix="0.707107 0.707107 -0.707107 0.707107 323.216 -412.313" pos="640 192" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">8/8</text>
<text matrix="0.707107 -0.707107 0.707107 0.707107 7.56941 438.274" pos="528 208" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">5/5</text>
<text matrix="0.707107 -0.707107 0.707107 0.707107 20.8242 410.274" pos="496 176" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">0/1</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 8" pos="448 128" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">3/3</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 -16" pos="384 192" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">2/2</text>
<text matrix="0 -1 1 0 68 576" pos="320 256" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">0/3</text>
<text matrix="0.707107 -0.707107 0.707107 0.707107 -113.803 369.255" pos="384 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">1/6</text>
<text matrix="0.707107 -0.707107 0.707107 0.707107 -60.7838 241.255" pos="256 192" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">7/7</text>
<text matrix="0.707107 0.707107 -0.707107 0.707107 301.255 -83.2935" pos="256 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">5/5</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 4" pos="448 384" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">6/6</text>
<text matrix="0.707107 0.707107 -0.707107 0.707107 376.235 -264.313" pos="512 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.416" height="9.0144" depth="3.024" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">4/4</text>
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<page>
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448 320 m
576 256 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
448 256 m
576 256 l
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<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
448 192 m
576 256 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
192 256 m
320 320 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
192 256 m
320 256 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
192 256 m
320 192 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 256 m
448 320 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 320 m
448 320 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 320 m
448 320 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 256 m
448 256 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 320 m
448 192 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 192 m
448 192 l
</path>
<path stroke="black" arrow="ng-normal/normal">
320 320 m
448 256 l
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<use name="mark/disk(sx)" pos="192 256" size="normal" stroke="black"/>
<use name="mark/disk(sx)" pos="320 320" size="normal" stroke="dark blue"/>
<use name="mark/disk(sx)" pos="320 256" size="normal" stroke="dark blue"/>
<use name="mark/disk(sx)" pos="320 192" size="normal" stroke="dark blue"/>
<use name="mark/disk(sx)" pos="448 320" size="normal" stroke="dark orange"/>
<use name="mark/disk(sx)" pos="448 256" size="normal" stroke="dark orange"/>
<use name="mark/disk(sx)" pos="448 192" size="normal" stroke="dark orange"/>
<use name="mark/disk(sx)" pos="576 256" size="normal" stroke="black"/>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 8" transformations="translations" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="18.7176" height="8.5848" depth="4.728" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="footnote" style="math">v_1</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 0 -56" transformations="translations" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="18.7176" height="8.5848" depth="4.728" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="footnote" style="math">v_2</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 4 -136" transformations="translations" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="19.764" height="8.604" depth="4.824" halign="center" valign="top" size="footnote" style="math">v_n</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 128 8" transformations="translations" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="17.9904" height="8.8152" depth="4.728" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="footnote" style="math">e_1</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 -128 -56" transformations="translations" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="7.7664" height="8.8368" depth="0.192" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="footnote" style="math">s</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 128 -56" transformations="translations" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="17.9904" height="8.8152" depth="4.728" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="footnote" style="math">e_2</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 128 -136" transformations="translations" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="21.6624" height="8.8344" depth="4.824" halign="center" valign="top" size="footnote" style="math">e_m</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 256 -56" transformations="translations" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="8.34" height="10.9416" depth="0.192" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="footnote" style="math">t</text>
<text matrix="0.894704 0.446659 -0.446659 0.894704 112.622 -137.236" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="33.0312" height="8.976" depth="3.984" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">B(v_1)</text>
<text matrix="0.894427 -0.447214 0.447214 0.894427 -73.1492 134.135" pos="256 224" stroke="black" type="label" width="33.9288" height="8.9664" depth="3.048" halign="center" valign="top" size="tiny" style="math">B(v_n)</text>
<text transformations="translations" pos="256 260" stroke="black" type="label" width="33.0312" height="8.976" depth="3.984" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">B(v_2)</text>
<text matrix="0.894427 -0.447214 0.447214 0.894427 186.851 218.135" pos="256 224" stroke="black" type="label" width="28.2504" height="8.976" depth="3.984" halign="center" valign="top" size="tiny" style="math">r(e_1)</text>
<text matrix="0.894704 0.446659 -0.446659 0.894704 368.622 -209.236" pos="320 320" stroke="black" type="label" width="31.6704" height="8.9664" depth="3.048" halign="center" valign="top" size="tiny" style="math">r(e_m)</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 256 0" transformations="translations" pos="256 260" stroke="black" type="label" width="28.2504" height="8.976" depth="3.984" halign="center" valign="bottom" size="tiny" style="math">r(e_2)</text>
<text transformations="translations" pos="320 224" stroke="black" type="label" width="5.3184" height="10.98" depth="1.32" halign="center" valign="center" size="footnote" style="math">\vdots</text>
<text matrix="1 0 0 1 128 0" transformations="translations" pos="320 224" stroke="black" type="label" width="5.3184" height="10.98" depth="1.32" halign="center" valign="center" size="footnote" style="math">\vdots</text>
</page>
</ipe>

View file

@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
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